MORE MCQS FROM Chapter 2: Principles of Management
CBSE BOARD 2024
1. The principles of management are said to be flexible because:
A) They aim at influencing human behavior
B) They can be modified by the manager when the situation so demands
C) They are based on cause and effect relationships
D) They are formed through practice and experimentation
Correct Answer: B) They can be modified by the manager when the situation so demands.
Board logic: Unlike principles of pure science, management principles are not rigid prescriptions.
Board logic: Unlike principles of pure science, management principles are not rigid prescriptions.
COMPETENCY BASED
2. 'Rohan', a manager, expects his subordinates to adapt to the new environmental changes, but he himself strictly follows the traditional methods. Which principle of Fayol is he violating?
A) Equity
B) Discipline
C) Initiative
D) Subordination of individual interest to general interest
Correct Answer: B) Discipline.
Logic: Discipline requires good superiors at all levels and clear, fair agreements. A manager must set an example (judicious application of penalties/rules).
Logic: Discipline requires good superiors at all levels and clear, fair agreements. A manager must set an example (judicious application of penalties/rules).
CBSE BOARD 2023
3. Which technique of Taylor separates planning and execution functions?
A) Standardisation and Simplification
B) Functional Foremanship
C) Method Study
D) Differential Piece Wage System
Correct Answer: B) Functional Foremanship.
Note: Taylor advocated separating planning (planning incharge) from execution (production incharge) through 8 specialist foremen.
Note: Taylor advocated separating planning (planning incharge) from execution (production incharge) through 8 specialist foremen.
ASSERTION-REASON
4. Assertion (A): Unity of Command ensures that no employee gets orders from two superiors at the same time.
Reason (R): Dual subordination leads to confusion, conflict, and overlapping of orders.
Reason (R): Dual subordination leads to confusion, conflict, and overlapping of orders.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
CASE SCENARIO
5. In 'XYZ Ltd.', male and female employees are working at the same level. However, male employees are paid a higher salary than female employees for the exact same work. Which principle of Fayol is being violated?
A) Remuneration of Employees
B) Equity
C) Order
D) Espirit De Corps
Correct Answer: B) Equity.
Logic: Equity implies kind, fair, and just treatment without discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, or nationality.
Logic: Equity implies kind, fair, and just treatment without discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, or nationality.
CBSE BOARD 2021
6. 'Harmony, Not Discord' principle is concerned with:
A) Equal division of work between management and workers
B) Mental revolution by both management and workers
C) Standardizing the work environment
D) Providing fair wages
Correct Answer: B) Mental revolution by both management and workers.
Board Tip: Taylor insisted on a complete change in the mindset of both groups to realize they need each other.
Board Tip: Taylor insisted on a complete change in the mindset of both groups to realize they need each other.
PREDICTIVE
7. "Any communication should follow the formal chain of command from highest to lowest." This refers to the principle of:
A) Order
B) Centralization
C) Scalar Chain
D) Unity of Direction
Correct Answer: C) Scalar Chain.
COMPETENCY BASED
8. Under Functional Foremanship, which clerk is responsible for specifying the exact path and sequence of production operations?
A) Instruction Card Clerk
B) Time and Cost Clerk
C) Route Clerk
D) Disciplinarian
Correct Answer: C) Route Clerk.
Logic: The Route Clerk determines the 'route' or sequence through which raw materials will pass to become finished goods.
Logic: The Route Clerk determines the 'route' or sequence through which raw materials will pass to become finished goods.
CBSE BOARD 2022
9. Which technique aims to eliminate unnecessary diversity of products, thereby saving the cost of machinery, labor, and inventory?
A) Standardisation
B) Simplification
C) Method Study
D) Motion Study
Correct Answer: B) Simplification.
TRICKY QUESTION
10. 'Unity of Command' is related to an individual employee, whereas 'Unity of Direction' is related to:
A) The top management
B) The entire organization or a department
C) The physical resources
D) External stakeholders
Correct Answer: B) The entire organization or a department.
Key: "One Head, One Plan" applies to a group of activities having the same objective.
Key: "One Head, One Plan" applies to a group of activities having the same objective.
CASE SCENARIO
11. A manager promises an employee a bonus if he works overtime to complete an urgent order. After the work is done, the manager refuses to pay the bonus. Which principle is violated?
A) Remuneration
B) Discipline
C) Equity
D) Initiative
Correct Answer: B) Discipline.
Logic: Discipline involves honoring employment agreements and commitments made between management and workers.
Logic: Discipline involves honoring employment agreements and commitments made between management and workers.
CBSE BOARD 2020
12. The objective of 'Time Study' is to determine:
A) The standard time required to perform a well-defined job
B) The number of workers to be employed
C) Both A and B
D) The rest intervals required by workers
Correct Answer: C) Both A and B.
Note: By finding standard time, management can set targets and calculate how many workers are needed to meet the total production goal.
Note: By finding standard time, management can set targets and calculate how many workers are needed to meet the total production goal.
ASSERTION-REASON
13. Assertion (A): Fayol suggested that there should be a balance between Centralization and Decentralization.
Reason (R): Complete centralization paralyzes the organization, while complete decentralization leads to a loss of control by top management.
Reason (R): Complete centralization paralyzes the organization, while complete decentralization leads to a loss of control by top management.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2025
14. The principle of 'Order' as given by Fayol is concerned with:
A) Giving instructions to subordinates
B) Systematic arrangement of men and materials
C) Maintaining strict discipline
D) Equal distribution of work
Correct Answer: B) Systematic arrangement of men and materials.
Board Tip: "A place for everything and everything in its place" (Material Order) and "A place for everyone and everyone in their appointed place" (Social Order).
Board Tip: "A place for everything and everything in its place" (Material Order) and "A place for everyone and everyone in their appointed place" (Social Order).
COMPETENCY BASED
15. A company uses a camera to observe a worker assembling a computer mouse to identify and eliminate wasteful physical gestures. Which study is being conducted?
A) Method Study
B) Time Study
C) Motion Study
D) Fatigue Study
Correct Answer: C) Motion Study.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements to eliminate unnecessary actions.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements to eliminate unnecessary actions.
PREDICTIVE
16. If a manager replaces the pronoun "I" with "We" in all his conversations with workers, he is practicing the principle of:
A) Initiative
B) Espirit De Corps
C) Equity
D) Harmony, Not Discord
Correct Answer: B) Espirit De Corps.
Note: This promotes team spirit and unity.
Note: This promotes team spirit and unity.
CBSE BOARD 2019
17. Which principle of Taylor is an extension of the principle 'Harmony, Not Discord'?
A) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
B) Cooperation, Not Individualism
C) Development of each and every person to his/her greatest efficiency
D) Maximum, not restricted output
Correct Answer: B) Cooperation, Not Individualism.
CASE SCENARIO
18. The Purchase Manager of a company buys raw materials from his brother's firm at a price higher than the market rate, causing a loss to the company. Which principle is violated?
A) Integrity
B) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest
C) Equity
D) Order
Correct Answer: B) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest.
Logic: The interests of the organization must supersede the personal interests of any individual manager.
Logic: The interests of the organization must supersede the personal interests of any individual manager.
TRICKY QUESTION
19. Principles of Management are contingent. This means:
A) They are formed by practice
B) Their application depends upon the prevailing situation at a particular point in time
C) They provide ready-made solutions
D) They apply to all types of organizations
Correct Answer: B) Their application depends upon the prevailing situation at a particular point in time.
CBSE BOARD 2021
20. Under Differential Piece Wage System, Taylor wanted to differentiate between:
A) Skilled and unskilled workers
B) Efficient and inefficient workers
C) Old and new workers
D) Management and workers
Correct Answer: B) Efficient and inefficient workers.
Note: The system pays a higher rate to workers who meet or exceed the standard target to motivate the inefficient ones.
Note: The system pays a higher rate to workers who meet or exceed the standard target to motivate the inefficient ones.
COMPETENCY BASED
21. A worker suggests a new method to reduce packaging costs. The manager ignores him and asks him to just follow instructions. Which principle of Fayol is violated?
A) Discipline
B) Initiative
C) Authority and Responsibility
D) Scalar Chain
Correct Answer: B) Initiative.
Logic: Workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvements.
Logic: Workers should be encouraged to develop and carry out their plans for improvements.
CBSE BOARD 2024
22. The objective of 'Fatigue Study' is to determine:
A) Best way of doing a job
B) Time taken to do a job
C) Amount and frequency of rest intervals
D) Extent of worker movements
Correct Answer: C) Amount and frequency of rest intervals.
ASSERTION-REASON
23. Assertion (A): Gang Plank permits direct communication between employees of the same level.
Reason (R): It is designed to delay the flow of communication in routine matters.
Reason (R): It is designed to delay the flow of communication in routine matters.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Analysis: Gang Plank is specifically designed to PREVENT delays in communication during emergencies, not to cause them.
Analysis: Gang Plank is specifically designed to PREVENT delays in communication during emergencies, not to cause them.
PREDICTIVE
24. What does 'Mental Revolution' emphasize?
A) Change in attitude of workers and management towards each other
B) Replacement of manual labor with machines
C) Re-training all employees
D) Giving workers a share in ownership
Correct Answer: A) Change in attitude of workers and management towards each other.
25. "Management principles help in thoughtful decision making by emphasizing logic rather than blind faith." This highlights which point of importance of principles?
A) Providing useful insights into reality
B) Optimum utilization of resources
C) Scientific decisions
D) Fulfilling social responsibility
Correct Answer: C) Scientific decisions.
Logic: Scientific decisions are based on facts, thought, and justifiable reasoning rather than rule of thumb.
Logic: Scientific decisions are based on facts, thought, and justifiable reasoning rather than rule of thumb.
CBSE BOARD 2023
26. Which principle of management states that an employee should receive orders from one boss only?
A) Unity of Direction
B) Unity of Command
C) Order
D) Scalar Chain
Correct Answer: B) Unity of Command.
Logic: Receiving orders from multiple bosses leads to confusion and undisciplined behavior.
Logic: Receiving orders from multiple bosses leads to confusion and undisciplined behavior.
COMPETENCY BASED
27. In 'Tech-Smart Ltd.', the sales department and marketing department have two different managers, but they are both following the same overall promotional plan. This is an example of:
A) Unity of Command
B) Unity of Direction
C) Esprit de Corps
D) Centralization
Correct Answer: B) Unity of Direction.
Analysis: "One head, one plan" for a group of activities having the same objective ensures coordination.
Analysis: "One head, one plan" for a group of activities having the same objective ensures coordination.
ASSERTION-REASON
28. Assertion (A): Taylor insisted on the separation of planning and execution.
Reason (R): He believed that a worker should not be burdened with planning the task, allowing them to focus entirely on production.
Reason (R): He believed that a worker should not be burdened with planning the task, allowing them to focus entirely on production.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
Tip: This is the core logic behind Taylor's "Functional Foremanship."
Tip: This is the core logic behind Taylor's "Functional Foremanship."
CBSE BOARD 2021
29. According to Fayol, "A place for everything and everything in its place" represents:
A) Social Order
B) Material Order
C) Discipline
D) Equity
Correct Answer: B) Material Order.
Note: Social order is "a place for everyone and everyone in their appointed place."
Note: Social order is "a place for everyone and everyone in their appointed place."
TRICKY QUESTION
30. Which of the following principles focuses on replacing the 'Rule of Thumb' with data-driven decision-making?
A) Discipline
B) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
C) Harmony, Not Discord
D) Method Study
Correct Answer: B) Science, Not Rule of Thumb.
Logic: Taylor emphasized that decisions should be based on scientific inquiry and measurement, not intuition or past habits.
Logic: Taylor emphasized that decisions should be based on scientific inquiry and measurement, not intuition or past habits.
CASE SCENARIO
31. A General Manager retains the power to make major financial decisions but gives his sales team the authority to offer up to 10% discounts to clients. This organization is practicing:
A) Complete Centralization
B) Complete Decentralization
C) Balance between Centralization and Decentralization
D) Unity of Command
Correct Answer: C) Balance between Centralization and Decentralization.
Analysis: Fayol stated that an organization should not be entirely centralized or decentralized; a balance based on the size and nature of the firm is needed.
Analysis: Fayol stated that an organization should not be entirely centralized or decentralized; a balance based on the size and nature of the firm is needed.
CBSE BOARD 2024
32. The technique of Taylor that aims to establish interchangeability of manufactured parts and products is:
A) Simplification
B) Standardisation
C) Method Study
D) Differential Piece Wage
Correct Answer: B) Standardisation.
Board Tip: Standardisation sets uniform benchmarks for size, quality, and design to allow interchangeability.
Board Tip: Standardisation sets uniform benchmarks for size, quality, and design to allow interchangeability.
COMPETENCY BASED
33. 'Vibrant Ltd.' noticed that its workers were taking 15 minutes to load a box onto a truck. The manager studied the process and found a way to load it in 8 minutes by changing the lifting angle. Which technique was used?
A) Time Study
B) Motion Study
C) Fatigue Study
D) Method Study
Correct Answer: B) Motion Study.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements (lifting angle) to eliminate wasteful movements and speed up the task.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements (lifting angle) to eliminate wasteful movements and speed up the task.
PREDICTIVE
34. Which principle of Fayol suggests that employees should be given reasonable time to show results before evaluating their performance?
A) Equity
B) Discipline
C) Stability of Personnel
D) Initiative
Correct Answer: C) Stability of Personnel.
Note: High employee turnover is bad for business. Workers need time to settle in and learn their jobs.
Note: High employee turnover is bad for business. Workers need time to settle in and learn their jobs.
ASSERTION-REASON
35. Assertion (A): Under differential piece wage system, standard time and standard output must be determined first.
Reason (R): The system pays different wage rates based on whether a worker performs above or below the standard output.
Reason (R): The system pays different wage rates based on whether a worker performs above or below the standard output.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPER 2025
36. Fayol's principles are derived from:
A) Scientific experiments in a lab
B) Personal experiences and observations of managers
C) Legal statutes
D) Consumer surveys
Correct Answer: B) Personal experiences and observations of managers.
Board Tip: Fayol developed his principles through his own administrative experience in a French mining company.
Board Tip: Fayol developed his principles through his own administrative experience in a French mining company.
TRICKY QUESTION
37. Which concept violates the principle of 'Unity of Command'?
A) Differential Piece Wage
B) Functional Foremanship
C) Scalar Chain
D) Standardization
Correct Answer: B) Functional Foremanship.
Logic: In functional foremanship, a worker receives orders from 8 different bosses, directly violating Fayol's Unity of Command (one boss).
Logic: In functional foremanship, a worker receives orders from 8 different bosses, directly violating Fayol's Unity of Command (one boss).
CASE SCENARIO
38. A manager encourages his team members to brainstorm and propose new ideas for the upcoming marketing campaign. He then rewards the best idea. This applies the principle of:
A) Equity
B) Esprit de Corps
C) Initiative
D) Discipline
Correct Answer: C) Initiative.
Analysis: Allowing subordinates to think out and execute a plan fosters initiative and motivation.
Analysis: Allowing subordinates to think out and execute a plan fosters initiative and motivation.
CBSE BOARD 2022
39. The main focus of Taylor's scientific management was on:
A) Improving administrative efficiency at the top level
B) Improving efficiency at the shop floor (worker) level
C) Improving sales techniques
D) Improving human relations
Correct Answer: B) Improving efficiency at the shop floor (worker) level.
COMPETENCY BASED
40. In a factory, the 'Speed Boss' ensures work is done on time, while the 'Inspector' checks the quality. This is an application of:
A) Division of Work
B) Functional Foremanship
C) Both A and B
D) Unity of Direction
Correct Answer: C) Both A and B.
Logic: Functional foremanship is Taylor's extension of Fayol's 'Division of Work' applied to the shop floor.
Logic: Functional foremanship is Taylor's extension of Fayol's 'Division of Work' applied to the shop floor.
PREDICTIVE
41. "There should be parity between Authority and Responsibility." If responsibility exceeds authority, the result is:
A) Misuse of power
B) Inability to complete the task effectively
C) High employee morale
D) Strict discipline
Correct Answer: B) Inability to complete the task effectively.
Note: If a worker is given a task (responsibility) but not the power to access tools/materials (authority), they will fail.
Note: If a worker is given a task (responsibility) but not the power to access tools/materials (authority), they will fail.
ASSERTION-REASON
42. Assertion (A): Principles of management are general guidelines.
Reason (R): They do not provide straightjacket, ready-made solutions to all managerial problems.
Reason (R): They do not provide straightjacket, ready-made solutions to all managerial problems.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
Analysis: Because business environments are complex and human behavior is unpredictable, principles only *guide* decision making.
Analysis: Because business environments are complex and human behavior is unpredictable, principles only *guide* decision making.
CBSE BOARD 2020
43. Which of the following is NOT a technique of scientific management?
A) Time Study
B) Harmony, Not Discord
C) Functional Foremanship
D) Simplification of Work
Correct Answer: B) Harmony, Not Discord.
Board Tip: 'Harmony, Not Discord' is a PRINCIPLE of Taylor, not a technique (like Time/Motion study).
Board Tip: 'Harmony, Not Discord' is a PRINCIPLE of Taylor, not a technique (like Time/Motion study).
CASE SCENARIO
44. A company was manufacturing 50 sizes of shoes. The manager analyzed the sales data and reduced the production to only the 15 fastest-selling sizes to cut machinery costs. This indicates:
A) Standardisation
B) Simplification
C) Method Study
D) Unity of Direction
Correct Answer: B) Simplification.
Logic: Eliminating unnecessary diversity and varieties of a product.
Logic: Eliminating unnecessary diversity and varieties of a product.
PREDICTIVE
45. Fayol's principle of 'Remuneration' states that wages should be:
A) Maximum possible
B) Equal for everyone regardless of role
C) Fair to employees and within the paying capacity of the company
D) Based solely on piece-rate
Correct Answer: C) Fair to employees and within the paying capacity of the company.
COMPETENCY BASED
46. The Production Manager instructs workers to produce 100 units. The Sales Manager instructs them to slow down production as there is no demand. Which principle is violated?
A) Unity of Direction
B) Unity of Command
C) Scalar Chain
D) Order
Correct Answer: B) Unity of Command.
Logic: Workers are receiving conflicting orders from two different managers at the same time.
Logic: Workers are receiving conflicting orders from two different managers at the same time.
TRICKY QUESTION
47. "Paternalism" and "Dictatorship" by managers should be replaced by mutual trust. Which concept of Taylor highlights this?
A) Cooperation, Not Individualism
B) Mental Revolution
C) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
D) Functional Foremanship
Correct Answer: A) Cooperation, Not Individualism.
Analysis: Taylor argued that management and workers should cooperate. Management should not act like dictators, and workers should not strike unnecessarily.
Analysis: Taylor argued that management and workers should cooperate. Management should not act like dictators, and workers should not strike unnecessarily.
CBSE BOARD 2021
48. Under Taylor's functional foremanship, who is responsible for ensuring that workers maintain discipline and follow rules?
A) Inspector
B) Gang Boss
C) Disciplinarian
D) Instruction Card Clerk
Correct Answer: C) Disciplinarian.
ASSERTION-REASON
49. Assertion (A): Principles of management help in fulfilling social responsibility.
Reason (R): Equity and fair remuneration ensure that employee welfare is maintained, benefiting society at large.
Reason (R): Equity and fair remuneration ensure that employee welfare is maintained, benefiting society at large.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
50. Fayol's principles are applicable to __________ while Taylor's principles apply to __________.
A) Shop floor; Top management
B) Top management; Shop floor
C) Private sector; Public sector
D) Developed countries; Developing countries
Correct Answer: B) Top management; Shop floor.
Final Analysis: Fayol's "Administrative Theory" looks from the top down, while Taylor's "Scientific Management" looks from the bottom (factory workers) up.
Final Analysis: Fayol's "Administrative Theory" looks from the top down, while Taylor's "Scientific Management" looks from the bottom (factory workers) up.
CBSE BOARD 2024
51. The concept of 'Gang Plank' implies:
A) Strict adherence to the scalar chain
B) Direct communication between employees working at the same level of authority in emergencies
C) Communication from the top level directly to the lowest level
D) Complete decentralization of communication
Correct Answer: B) Direct communication between employees working at the same level of authority in emergencies.
Logic: It is a deliberate exception to Fayol's Scalar Chain to prevent delays.
Logic: It is a deliberate exception to Fayol's Scalar Chain to prevent delays.
PREDICTIVE
52. Which Taylor technique was introduced to reward the efficient worker and penalize the inefficient one?
A) Functional Foremanship
B) Time Study
C) Differential Piece Wage System
D) Fatigue Study
Correct Answer: C) Differential Piece Wage System.
Analysis: By setting a standard output and paying two different rates, it motivates workers to maximize production.
Analysis: By setting a standard output and paying two different rates, it motivates workers to maximize production.
COMPETENCY BASED
53. A factory worker is fined $50 for arriving 10 minutes late, while the shift manager who arrives 30 minutes late faces no penalty. Which principle of management is being violated?
A) Initiative
B) Equity
C) Order
D) Espirit De Corps
Correct Answer: B) Equity.
Logic: Equity demands fair, just, and impartial treatment for everyone, regardless of their position.
Logic: Equity demands fair, just, and impartial treatment for everyone, regardless of their position.
ASSERTION-REASON
54. Assertion (A): Principles of management are flexible and dynamic.
Reason (R): They can be modified by the manager to suit the changing business environment.
Reason (R): They can be modified by the manager to suit the changing business environment.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
CASE SCENARIO
55. In a software company, employees are shifted from one project to another every two weeks, giving them no time to settle into a routine. The quality of work has dropped drastically. Which principle is ignored?
A) Division of Work
B) Stability of Personnel
C) Unity of Direction
D) Discipline
Correct Answer: B) Stability of Personnel.
Analysis: Frequent transfers or job rotations cause insecurity and prevent workers from gaining proficiency.
Analysis: Frequent transfers or job rotations cause insecurity and prevent workers from gaining proficiency.
CBSE BOARD 2020
56. Which technique of scientific management seeks to find out the "one best way" of doing a job?
A) Time Study
B) Motion Study
C) Method Study
D) Standardisation
Correct Answer: C) Method Study.
TRICKY QUESTION
57. A manager frequently uses the word "We" instead of "I" in all team meetings. Which principle does this promote?
A) Initiative
B) Harmony, Not Discord
C) Espirit De Corps
D) Cooperation, Not Individualism
Correct Answer: C) Espirit De Corps.
Board Tip: Espirit De Corps is Fayol's principle for team spirit. 'Cooperation' is Taylor's principle.
Board Tip: Espirit De Corps is Fayol's principle for team spirit. 'Cooperation' is Taylor's principle.
CBSE BOARD 2023
58. "Authority should be commensurate with responsibility." This means:
A) Authority should be greater than responsibility
B) Responsibility should be greater than authority
C) There should be parity (equality) between the two
D) Subordinates should have no authority
Correct Answer: C) There should be parity (equality) between the two.
CASE SCENARIO
59. 'XYZ Ltd.' has a strict policy that a junior executive cannot speak directly to a vice president without going through their immediate supervisor, even if there is a severe crisis. This rigid adherence relates to:
A) Order
B) Scalar Chain
C) Unity of Command
D) Centralization
Correct Answer: B) Scalar Chain.
Logic: The formal line of authority from highest to lowest ranks must be followed, though Fayol suggested a Gang Plank for emergencies.
Logic: The formal line of authority from highest to lowest ranks must be followed, though Fayol suggested a Gang Plank for emergencies.
CBSE BOARD 2021
60. 'Mental Revolution' is a fundamental concept of:
A) Fayol's Administrative Management
B) Taylor's Scientific Management
C) Maslow's Motivation Theory
D) Modern Systems Theory
Correct Answer: B) Taylor's Scientific Management.
Note: It emphasizes a complete change in the attitude of management and workers towards each other.
Note: It emphasizes a complete change in the attitude of management and workers towards each other.
COMPETENCY BASED
61. An employee receives instructions from the Production Head to manufacture 50 units fast, while the Quality Head orders him to slow down and focus on finishing touches. This situation violates:
A) Unity of Direction
B) Unity of Command
C) Subordination of Interest
D) Centralization
Correct Answer: B) Unity of Command.
Logic: The worker has two bosses giving conflicting orders simultaneously.
Logic: The worker has two bosses giving conflicting orders simultaneously.
PREDICTIVE
62. Which principle states that the overall pay and compensation should be fair to both employees and the organization?
A) Equity
B) Remuneration of Employees
C) Stability of Personnel
D) Subordination of Individual Interest
Correct Answer: B) Remuneration of Employees.
ASSERTION-REASON
63. Assertion (A): Scientific management relies on the 'Rule of Thumb' approach.
Reason (R): Taylor believed that decisions should be based on intuition and past experience rather than scientific data.
Reason (R): Taylor believed that decisions should be based on intuition and past experience rather than scientific data.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true.
B) Both (A) and (R) are false.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: B) Both (A) and (R) are false.
Analysis: Taylor actively OPPOSED the Rule of Thumb, advocating for scientific inquiry and measurement instead.
Analysis: Taylor actively OPPOSED the Rule of Thumb, advocating for scientific inquiry and measurement instead.
PREDICTIVE
64. A footwear company decides to eliminate 20 unpopular designs and sizes from its catalog to save on inventory costs. This represents:
A) Standardisation
B) Simplification
C) Method Study
D) Differential Wage
Correct Answer: B) Simplification.
Logic: Simplification removes unnecessary diversity to cut costs.
Logic: Simplification removes unnecessary diversity to cut costs.
CASE SCENARIO
65. In a busy hospital, tools and emergency kits are never found in their designated cupboards, leading to dangerous delays. Which principle is being blatantly violated?
A) Discipline
B) Order
C) Division of Work
D) Initiative
Correct Answer: B) Order.
Logic: "A place for everything and everything in its place" (Material order) prevents wasted time.
Logic: "A place for everything and everything in its place" (Material order) prevents wasted time.
COMPETENCY BASED
66. A tech company places a 'suggestion box' in the lobby and promises financial rewards for any idea that cuts down software bugs. This encourages:
A) Scalar Chain
B) Discipline
C) Initiative
D) Remuneration
Correct Answer: C) Initiative.
Analysis: Initiative means taking the first step with self-motivation. A good manager inspires it.
Analysis: Initiative means taking the first step with self-motivation. A good manager inspires it.
CBSE BOARD 2022
67. The main objective of 'Fatigue Study' is to:
A) Determine the standard time to finish a job
B) Determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals
C) Eliminate unproductive movements
D) Find the best method of work
Correct Answer: B) Determine the amount and frequency of rest intervals.
TRICKY QUESTION
68. 'Centralization' refers to:
A) Retention of decision-making authority at the top
B) Dispersal of decision-making authority among subordinates
C) Creating a central office for operations
D) Following the scalar chain strictly
Correct Answer: A) Retention of decision-making authority at the top.
PREDICTIVE
69. Taylor's technique of 'Functional Foremanship' is a direct extension of Fayol's principle of:
A) Unity of Command
B) Division of Work
C) Scalar Chain
D) Discipline
Correct Answer: B) Division of Work.
Logic: It applies specialization and division of labor strictly to the factory floor using 8 specialists.
Logic: It applies specialization and division of labor strictly to the factory floor using 8 specialists.
CBSE BOARD 2019
70. "Cooperation, Not Individualism" is an extension of which other principle of Taylor?
A) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
B) Harmony, Not Discord
C) Development of each person to their greatest efficiency
D) Functional Foremanship
Correct Answer: B) Harmony, Not Discord.
Note: It takes the concept of a peaceful mindset and pushes it further into active collaboration between labor and management.
Note: It takes the concept of a peaceful mindset and pushes it further into active collaboration between labor and management.
COMPETENCY BASED
71. A manager installs a video camera to observe a new employee's process of assembling a widget. He wants to identify and cut out any idle hand movements to speed up production. He is conducting a:
A) Method Study
B) Fatigue Study
C) Time Study
D) Motion Study
Correct Answer: D) Motion Study.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements to categorize them into productive and unproductive.
Logic: Analyzing physical movements to categorize them into productive and unproductive.
ASSERTION-REASON
72. Assertion (A): Discipline requires good superiors at all levels.
Reason (R): Discipline involves clear and fair agreements and the judicious application of penalties.
Reason (R): Discipline involves clear and fair agreements and the judicious application of penalties.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
PREDICTIVE
73. Setting a benchmark for raw materials, time, product quality, and working conditions is the objective of:
A) Simplification
B) Standardisation
C) Method Study
D) Rule of Thumb
Correct Answer: B) Standardisation.
CASE SCENARIO
74. The CEO of a startup gives his regional managers the authority to sign deals up to $10,000 without requiring his permission, to speed up growth. He is applying the principle of:
A) Centralization
B) Decentralization
C) Unity of Direction
D) Equity
Correct Answer: B) Decentralization.
Logic: Dispersing decision-making power down the hierarchy.
Logic: Dispersing decision-making power down the hierarchy.
75. While Fayol focused on __________, Taylor focused on __________.
A) Efficiency; Equity
B) Shop floor efficiency; Top-level administration
C) General administrative theory; Scientific management
D) Rule of thumb; Science
Correct Answer: C) General administrative theory; Scientific management.
Final Analysis: Fayol looked at the entire organization from the top down, while Taylor looked at worker efficiency from the bottom up.
Final Analysis: Fayol looked at the entire organization from the top down, while Taylor looked at worker efficiency from the bottom up.
COMPETENCY BASED
76. A Sales Manager is given the target to sell 10,000 laptops in a month. To achieve this, he needs to offer a 10% discount to bulk buyers. However, the top management has not given him the power to grant any discounts. He fails to meet the target. Which principle is violated here?
A) Unity of Command
B) Authority and Responsibility
C) Discipline
D) Subordination of Individual Interest
Correct Answer: B) Authority and Responsibility.
Logic: If a person is given a responsibility (target), they must also be given the corresponding authority (power to give discounts) to execute it.
Logic: If a person is given a responsibility (target), they must also be given the corresponding authority (power to give discounts) to execute it.
ASSERTION-REASON
77. Assertion (A): Functional Foremanship is a direct violation of the principle of Unity of Command.
Reason (R): In Functional Foremanship, a single worker receives orders and instructions from eight different specialist bosses.
Reason (R): In Functional Foremanship, a single worker receives orders and instructions from eight different specialist bosses.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
CBSE BOARD 2024
78. 'Prakash Ltd.' expects its employees to work overtime without any additional pay during the festive season. However, when an employee requests a half-day leave for a medical emergency, it is strictly denied. Which principle of management is the company violating?
A) Equity
B) Discipline
C) Remuneration
D) Harmony, Not Discord
Correct Answer: A) Equity.
Analysis: Equity demands kind, fair, and just treatment. Exploiting workers while denying them basic humanitarian leave is a severe violation of equity.
Analysis: Equity demands kind, fair, and just treatment. Exploiting workers while denying them basic humanitarian leave is a severe violation of equity.
TRICKY TRAP
79. Taylor advocated the 'Mental Revolution' to ensure that:
A) Workers work longer hours
B) Management and workers realize they need each other and share the surplus
C) Trade unions are completely abolished
D) Profits are maximized by cutting wages
Correct Answer: B) Management and workers realize they need each other and share the surplus.
COMPETENCY BASED
80. In an automobile factory, standard time was set to assemble an engine at 4 hours. Workers taking more than 4 hours were paid $10/hr, while those finishing within 4 hours were paid $12/hr. Which technique of Taylor is highlighted here?
A) Time Study
B) Method Study
C) Differential Piece Wage System
D) Standardization
Correct Answer: C) Differential Piece Wage System.
Logic: Rewarding efficient workers with a higher rate and penalizing inefficient ones with a lower rate.
Logic: Rewarding efficient workers with a higher rate and penalizing inefficient ones with a lower rate.
CASE SCENARIO
81. The Production Manager of a chemical plant insists on using a specific formula that was successful 10 years ago, completely ignoring recent scientific data showing a cheaper, safer alternative. Which principle of Taylor is he violating?
A) Harmony, Not Discord
B) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
C) Development of each person
D) Cooperation, Not Individualism
Correct Answer: B) Science, Not Rule of Thumb.
Analysis: 'Rule of thumb' relies on habit or past experience. Taylor argued that every process should be continuously updated based on scientific study.
Analysis: 'Rule of thumb' relies on habit or past experience. Taylor argued that every process should be continuously updated based on scientific study.
ASSERTION-REASON
82. Assertion (A): Under functional foremanship, the 'Instruction Card Clerk' drafts instructions for the workers.
Reason (R): The Instruction Card Clerk works under the Execution/Production incharge on the shop floor.
Reason (R): The Instruction Card Clerk works under the Execution/Production incharge on the shop floor.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
Logic: The Instruction Card Clerk works under the PLANNING Incharge, not the Production/Execution Incharge.
Logic: The Instruction Card Clerk works under the PLANNING Incharge, not the Production/Execution Incharge.
CBSE BOARD 2023
83. A company ensures that it provides a very clean, well-lit, and ventilated workspace. They also provide regular 15-minute breaks after every 3 hours of continuous work. Which study of Taylor is being practically implemented here?
A) Time Study
B) Motion Study
C) Fatigue Study
D) Method Study
Correct Answer: C) Fatigue Study.
Analysis: Fatigue study isn't just about rest intervals; it also aims to reduce fatigue by improving poor working conditions (lighting, ventilation).
Analysis: Fatigue study isn't just about rest intervals; it also aims to reduce fatigue by improving poor working conditions (lighting, ventilation).
COMPETENCY BASED
84. The Managing Director of 'Alpha Ltd.' bypassed the General Manager, Departmental Head, and Supervisor to directly pass an order to a machine operator. This caused the middle-level managers to feel undermined. Which principle is violated?
A) Order
B) Scalar Chain
C) Unity of Direction
D) Esprit de Corps
Correct Answer: B) Scalar Chain.
Logic: The formal line of authority from highest to lowest rank was broken without an emergency justifying a Gang Plank.
Logic: The formal line of authority from highest to lowest rank was broken without an emergency justifying a Gang Plank.
TRICKY TRAP
85. Fayol's principle of 'Division of Work' applies to:
A) Only technical and factory work
B) Only managerial work
C) Both technical and managerial work
D) Only to unskilled labor
Correct Answer: C) Both technical and managerial work.
CBSE BOARD 2022
86. 'Management should find the one best way to perform a task.' This technique is known as:
A) Motion Study
B) Method Study
C) Time Study
D) Standardisation
Correct Answer: B) Method Study.
CASE SCENARIO
87. A company replaces its old typewriters with modern computers. However, the management refuses to train the existing typists, leading to massive errors. Which principle of Taylor is violated?
A) Science, Not Rule of Thumb
B) Development of each and every person to his/her greatest efficiency
C) Harmony, Not Discord
D) Cooperation, Not Individualism
Correct Answer: B) Development of each and every person to his/her greatest efficiency.
Logic: Taylor insisted that workers should be scientifically selected and continuously trained to meet the changing requirements of the job.
Logic: Taylor insisted that workers should be scientifically selected and continuously trained to meet the changing requirements of the job.
ASSERTION-REASON
88. Assertion (A): Principle of Equity means equal salary for everyone in the organization.
Reason (R): Equity ensures no discrimination is made on the basis of sex, religion, or caste.
Reason (R): Equity ensures no discrimination is made on the basis of sex, religion, or caste.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Analysis: Equity does NOT mean equal salary. A peon and a manager shouldn't get equal salary. It means fair and unbiased treatment.
Analysis: Equity does NOT mean equal salary. A peon and a manager shouldn't get equal salary. It means fair and unbiased treatment.
COMPETENCY BASED
89. The HR Manager of a company takes a bribe to recruit candidates who are not qualified for the job. By doing so, which principle of Fayol is he completely disregarding?
A) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest
B) Equity
C) Remuneration
D) Initiative
Correct Answer: A) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest.
Logic: The manager prioritized his personal greed (bribe) over the company's objective of hiring competent staff.
Logic: The manager prioritized his personal greed (bribe) over the company's objective of hiring competent staff.
CBSE BOARD 2021
90. Under Taylor's Functional Foremanship, the 'Speed Boss', 'Gang Boss', and 'Repair Boss' all work under the:
A) Planning Incharge
B) Production / Execution Incharge
C) Route Clerk
D) Factory Manager
Correct Answer: B) Production / Execution Incharge.
91. Which technique of Taylor aims to reduce a given line or product to fixed types, sizes, and characteristics?
A) Simplification
B) Standardization
C) Method Study
D) Work Study
Correct Answer: B) Standardization.
Note: Establishing benchmarks (like making sure all lightbulbs fit the same socket) is standardisation.
Note: Establishing benchmarks (like making sure all lightbulbs fit the same socket) is standardisation.
CASE SCENARIO
92. In a retail store, the salesperson asks the customer to wait for 20 minutes because he cannot find the key to the inventory room. This wastes both the employee's and the customer's time. Which principle of Fayol is violated?
A) Discipline
B) Initiative
C) Order
D) Centralization
Correct Answer: C) Order.
Logic: "Material order" means everything should be in its designated place so no time is wasted searching for it.
Logic: "Material order" means everything should be in its designated place so no time is wasted searching for it.
ASSERTION-REASON
93. Assertion (A): Cooperation, Not Individualism is an extension of Harmony, Not Discord.
Reason (R): It suggests that management should involve workers in decision making and welcome their good suggestions.
Reason (R): It suggests that management should involve workers in decision making and welcome their good suggestions.
A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is NOT the explanation.
C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Correct Answer: A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation.
COMPETENCY BASED
94. A company frequently changes its suppliers and fires employees if they make a single mistake in their first week. This leads to a very high employee turnover. The company is violating the principle of:
A) Discipline
B) Stability of Personnel
C) Equity
D) Esprit de Corps
Correct Answer: B) Stability of Personnel.
Logic: Employees need a reasonable amount of time to adapt and show results before they are judged or removed.
Logic: Employees need a reasonable amount of time to adapt and show results before they are judged or removed.
CBSE BOARD 2023
95. "The manager should not fall into temptation of misusing his powers for individual/family benefit." Which principle is highlighted?
A) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest
B) Equity
C) Discipline
D) Order
Correct Answer: A) Subordination of Individual Interest to General Interest.
TRICKY TRAP
96. Which Taylor technique is the strongest motivator for a worker to reach standard performance?
A) Standardisation
B) Time Study
C) Differential Piece Wage System
D) Motion Study
Correct Answer: C) Differential Piece Wage System.
Logic: Financial incentives (higher wage rate) are the strongest direct motivators for workers to increase efficiency.
Logic: Financial incentives (higher wage rate) are the strongest direct motivators for workers to increase efficiency.
CASE SCENARIO
97. A manager creates a WhatsApp group for all employees to openly share ideas for the upcoming company anniversary. He listens to everyone and adopts the best suggestions. This represents:
A) Discipline
B) Initiative
C) Order
D) Centralization
Correct Answer: B) Initiative.
Analysis: Allowing subordinates to think out and execute plans creates a sense of belonging and motivation.
Analysis: Allowing subordinates to think out and execute plans creates a sense of belonging and motivation.
CBSE BOARD 2020
98. Principles of management are significant because they lead to:
A) Optimum utilization of resources
B) Scientific decisions
C) Meeting changing environment requirements
D) All of the above
Correct Answer: D) All of the above.
COMPETENCY BASED
99. 'Beta Corp.' manufactures both cosmetics and footwear. The company has a single common head and a single mixed budget for both divisions. As a result, the funds get mixed up and targets are missed. Which principle is violated?
A) Unity of Command
B) Unity of Direction
C) Order
D) Scalar Chain
Correct Answer: B) Unity of Direction.
Logic: Different products/divisions must have separate plans and separate heads. "One head, one plan" was ignored here.
Logic: Different products/divisions must have separate plans and separate heads. "One head, one plan" was ignored here.
FINAL MASTER QUESTION
100. Taylor's concept of 'Scientific Management' primarily attempts to eliminate:
A) The top management
B) The Rule of Thumb
C) All forms of centralization
D) Employee initiative
Correct Answer: B) The Rule of Thumb.
Final Analysis: Taylor's entire philosophy was built on replacing guesswork and intuition (rule of thumb) with scientifically calculated methods.
Final Analysis: Taylor's entire philosophy was built on replacing guesswork and intuition (rule of thumb) with scientifically calculated methods.
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